-
1 poto
pōto, āvi, ātum, or pōtum, 1, v. a. and n. [root po; Gr. pinô, pepôka, to drink; Lat. potus, potor, poculum, etc.].I.Act., to drink (ante-class. and post-Aug.; syn. bibo), Caecil. ap. Gell. 2, 23, 13:B.aquam,
Suet. Ner. 48; Juv. 5, 52:vinum,
Plin. 14, 5, 7, § 58:ut edormiscam hanc crapulam, quam potavi,
this intoxication which I have drunk myself into, Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 28.—Transf.1.Poet.a.Potare flumen aliquod, to drink from a stream, i. q. to dwell by it:b.fera, quae gelidum potat Araxen,
Sen. Hippol. 57:stagna Tagi,
Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 286.—Of inanim. subjects, [p. 1410] to drink up, to suck or draw in, to absorb moisture ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):2.vestis sudorem potat,
Lucr. 4, 1128:potantia vellera fucum,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 27:potanda ferens infantibus ubera,
Juv. 6, 9; Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 134.—Causative (late Lat.), to give to drink, to cause to drink:II.potasti nos vino,
Vulg. Psa. 59, 5:potaverunt me aceto,
id. ib. 68, 22; id. Ecclus. 15, 3; id. Isa. 49, 10; id. Apoc. 14, 8.—Neutr., to drink.A.In gen. (class.):B.redi simul mecum potatum,
Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 28:potaturus est apud me,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 5, 9:si potare velit,
Cic. Brut. 83, 288: potare dilutius, id. Fragm. ap. Amm. 15, 12, 4:potum veniunt juvenci,
Verg. E. 7, 11: cornibus, from or out of horns, Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 126.—Part.: potatus, caused to drink, furnished with drink:felle et aceto potatus,
Tert. Spect. 30:et omnes in spiritu potati sunt,
Vulg. 1 Cor. 12, 13.—In partic., to drink, tope, tipple (class.):I.obsonat, potat, olet unguenta de meo,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 37:ibi primum insuevit exercitus populi Romani amare, potare,
Sall. C. 11, 6:frui voluptate potandi,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 118:totos dies potabatur,
id. Phil. 2, 27, 67:potantibus his apud Sex. Tarquinium,
Liv. 1, 57, 6 al. — Hence, pōtus, a, um, P. a.Act., that has drunk: et pransus sum, et potus sum, dicamus, Varr. ap. Gell. 2, 25, 7; but usually, drunken, intoxicated (class.):II.domum bene potus redire,
Cic. Fam. 7, 22:inscitia pransi, poti, oscitantis ducis,
id. Mil. 21, 56:anus,
Hor. C. 4, 13, 5; id. S. 1, 3, 90. —Pass., that has been drunk, drunk, drunk up, drunk out, drained (class.):sanguine tauri poto,
Cic. Brut. 11, 43:poti faece tenus cadi,
Hor. C. 3, 15, 16:amygdalae ex aquā potae,
Plin. 23, 8, 75, § 144. -
2 adpulsus
1. 2. I.In the lit. signif. only in the jurists:II.pecoris,
a driving of a flock to drink, Dig. 43, 19, 1.—Transf.A.A landing, bringing to land:B. C.ab litorum appulsu arcere, Liv, 27, 30: oppidum celerrimum adpulsu,
Tac. A. 3, 1; 2, 6:utrinque prora paratam semper adpulsui frontem agit,
id. G. 44.—An effect, influence caused by approach:frigoris et caloris adpulsus sentire,
Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 141:deorum adpulsu homines somniare,
id. Div. 1, 30 fin. -
3 appulsus
1. 2. I.In the lit. signif. only in the jurists:II.pecoris,
a driving of a flock to drink, Dig. 43, 19, 1.—Transf.A.A landing, bringing to land:B. C.ab litorum appulsu arcere, Liv, 27, 30: oppidum celerrimum adpulsu,
Tac. A. 3, 1; 2, 6:utrinque prora paratam semper adpulsui frontem agit,
id. G. 44.—An effect, influence caused by approach:frigoris et caloris adpulsus sentire,
Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 141:deorum adpulsu homines somniare,
id. Div. 1, 30 fin. -
4 B
B, b, indecl. n., designates, in the Latin alphabet, the soft, labial sound as in English, unlike the Gr. beta (B, b), which approached the Engl. v in sound; v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 124 sqq. At the beginning of words it represents an original dv or gv, and elsewhere an original gv, p, v, or bh ( v); v. Corss. Ausspr. I. pp. 134, 161. It corresponds regularly with Gr. b, but freq. also with p, and, in the middle of words, with ph; cf. brevis, brachus; ab, apo; carbasus, karpasos; ambo, amphi, amphô; nubes, nephos, etc.; v. Roby, Gram. I. p. 26; Kühner, Gram. § 34, 6. In Latin, as in all kindred languages, it was used in forming words to express the cry of different animals, as balare, barrire, baubari, blacterare, boare, bombitare, bubere, bubulare; children beginning to talk called their drink bua; so, balbus denoted the stammering sound, bambalio the stuttering, blatire and blaterare the babbling, blaesus the lisping, blandus the caressing. At the beginning of words b is found with no consonants except l and r (for bdellium, instead of which Marc. Emp. also wrote bdella, is a foreign word); but in the middle of words it is connected with other liquid and feeble consonants. Before hard consonants b is found only in compounds with ob and sub, the only prepositions, besides ab, which end in a labial sound; and these freq. rejected the labial, even when they are separated by the insertion of s, as abspello and absporto pass into aspello and asporto; or the place of the labial is supplied by u, as in aufero and aufugio (cf. ab init. and au); before f and p it is assimilated, as suffero, suppono; before m assimilated or not, as summergo or submergo; before c sometimes assimilated, as succedo, succingo, sometimes taking the form sus (as if from subs; cf. abs), as suscenseo; and sometimes su before s followed by a consonant, as suspicor. When b belonged to the root of a word it seems to have been retained, as plebs from plebis, urbs from urbis, etc.; so in Arabs, chalybs ( = Araps, chalups), the Gr. ps was represented by bs; as also in absis, absinthi-um, etc. But in scripsi from scribo, nupsi from nubo, etc., b was changed to p, though some grammarians still wrote bs in these words; cf. Prisc. pp. 556, 557 P.; Vel. Long. pp. 2224, 2261 ib. Of the liquids, l and r stand either before or after b, but m only before it, with the exception of abmatertera, parallel with the equally anomalous abpatruus (cf. ab init. and fin.), and n only after it; hence con and in before b always become com and im; as inversely b before n is sometimes changed to m, as Samnium for Sabinium and scamnum for scabnum, whence the dim. scabellum. B is so readily joined with u that not only acubus, arcubus, etc., were written for acibus, arcibus, etc., but also contubernium was formed from taberna, and bubile was used for bovile, as also in dubius ( = doios, duo) a b was inserted. B could be doubled, as appears not only from the foreign words abbas and sabbatum, but also from obba and gibba, and the compounds with ob and sub. B is reduplicated in bibo (cf the Gr. piô), as the shortness of the first syllable in the preterit bĭbi, compared with dēdi and stĕti or sti/ti, shows; although later bibo was treated as a primitive, and the supine bibitum formed from it. Sometimes before b an m was inserted, e. g. in cumbo for cubo kuptô, lambo for laptô, nimbus for nephos; inversely, also, it was rejected in sabucus for sambucus and labdacismus for lambdacismus. As in the middle, so at the beginning of words, b might take the place of another labial, e. g. buxis for pyxis, balaena for phalaina, carbatina for carpatina, publicus from poplicus, ambo for amphô; as even Enn. wrote Burrus and Bruges for Pyrrhus and Phryges; Naev., Balantium for Palatium (v. the latter words, and cf. Fest. p. 26).—In a later age, but not often before A.D. 300, intercourse with the Greeks caused the pronunciation of the b and v to be so similar that Adamantius Martyrius in Cassiod. pp. 2295-2310 P., drew up a separate catalogue of words which might be written with either b or v. So, Petronius has berbex for verbex, and in inscrr., but not often before A. D. 300, such errors as bixit for vixit, abe for ave, ababus for abavus, etc. (as inversely vene, devitum, acervus, vasis instead of bene, debitum, acerbus, basis), are found; Flabio, Jubentius, for Flavio, Juventius, are rare cases from the second century after Christ.—The interchange between labials, palatals, and linguals (as glans for balanos, bilis for fel or cholê) is rare at the beginning of words, but more freq. in the middle; cf. tabeo, têkô, and Sanscr. tak, terebra and teretron, uber and outhar; besides which the change of tribus Sucusana into Suburana (Varr. L. L. 5, § 48 Müll.; Quint. 1, 7, 29) deserves consideration. This interchange is most freq. in terminations used in forming words, as ber, cer, ter; brum or bulum, crum or culum, trum, bundus and cundus; bilis and tilis, etc.—Finally, the interchange of b with du at the beginning of words deserves special mention, as duonus for bonus, Bellona for Duellona, bellum for duellum, bellicus for duellicus, etc., and bis from duis.—As an abbreviation, B usually designates bonus or bene. Thus, B. D. = Bona Dea, Inscr. Orell. 1524; 2427; 2822:B. M. = bene merenti,
ib. 99; 114; 506:B. M. P. = bene merenti posuit,
ib. 255:B. D. S. M. = bene de se meritae,
ib. 2437:B. V. V. = bene vale valeque,
ib. 4816:B. M. = bonae memoriae,
ib. 1136; 3385:B. M. = bonā mente,
ib. 5033;sometimes it stands for beneficiarius, and BB. beneficiarii,
ib. 3489; 3868; 3486 al. -
5 b
B, b, indecl. n., designates, in the Latin alphabet, the soft, labial sound as in English, unlike the Gr. beta (B, b), which approached the Engl. v in sound; v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 124 sqq. At the beginning of words it represents an original dv or gv, and elsewhere an original gv, p, v, or bh ( v); v. Corss. Ausspr. I. pp. 134, 161. It corresponds regularly with Gr. b, but freq. also with p, and, in the middle of words, with ph; cf. brevis, brachus; ab, apo; carbasus, karpasos; ambo, amphi, amphô; nubes, nephos, etc.; v. Roby, Gram. I. p. 26; Kühner, Gram. § 34, 6. In Latin, as in all kindred languages, it was used in forming words to express the cry of different animals, as balare, barrire, baubari, blacterare, boare, bombitare, bubere, bubulare; children beginning to talk called their drink bua; so, balbus denoted the stammering sound, bambalio the stuttering, blatire and blaterare the babbling, blaesus the lisping, blandus the caressing. At the beginning of words b is found with no consonants except l and r (for bdellium, instead of which Marc. Emp. also wrote bdella, is a foreign word); but in the middle of words it is connected with other liquid and feeble consonants. Before hard consonants b is found only in compounds with ob and sub, the only prepositions, besides ab, which end in a labial sound; and these freq. rejected the labial, even when they are separated by the insertion of s, as abspello and absporto pass into aspello and asporto; or the place of the labial is supplied by u, as in aufero and aufugio (cf. ab init. and au); before f and p it is assimilated, as suffero, suppono; before m assimilated or not, as summergo or submergo; before c sometimes assimilated, as succedo, succingo, sometimes taking the form sus (as if from subs; cf. abs), as suscenseo; and sometimes su before s followed by a consonant, as suspicor. When b belonged to the root of a word it seems to have been retained, as plebs from plebis, urbs from urbis, etc.; so in Arabs, chalybs ( = Araps, chalups), the Gr. ps was represented by bs; as also in absis, absinthi-um, etc. But in scripsi from scribo, nupsi from nubo, etc., b was changed to p, though some grammarians still wrote bs in these words; cf. Prisc. pp. 556, 557 P.; Vel. Long. pp. 2224, 2261 ib. Of the liquids, l and r stand either before or after b, but m only before it, with the exception of abmatertera, parallel with the equally anomalous abpatruus (cf. ab init. and fin.), and n only after it; hence con and in before b always become com and im; as inversely b before n is sometimes changed to m, as Samnium for Sabinium and scamnum for scabnum, whence the dim. scabellum. B is so readily joined with u that not only acubus, arcubus, etc., were written for acibus, arcibus, etc., but also contubernium was formed from taberna, and bubile was used for bovile, as also in dubius ( = doios, duo) a b was inserted. B could be doubled, as appears not only from the foreign words abbas and sabbatum, but also from obba and gibba, and the compounds with ob and sub. B is reduplicated in bibo (cf the Gr. piô), as the shortness of the first syllable in the preterit bĭbi, compared with dēdi and stĕti or sti/ti, shows; although later bibo was treated as a primitive, and the supine bibitum formed from it. Sometimes before b an m was inserted, e. g. in cumbo for cubo kuptô, lambo for laptô, nimbus for nephos; inversely, also, it was rejected in sabucus for sambucus and labdacismus for lambdacismus. As in the middle, so at the beginning of words, b might take the place of another labial, e. g. buxis for pyxis, balaena for phalaina, carbatina for carpatina, publicus from poplicus, ambo for amphô; as even Enn. wrote Burrus and Bruges for Pyrrhus and Phryges; Naev., Balantium for Palatium (v. the latter words, and cf. Fest. p. 26).—In a later age, but not often before A.D. 300, intercourse with the Greeks caused the pronunciation of the b and v to be so similar that Adamantius Martyrius in Cassiod. pp. 2295-2310 P., drew up a separate catalogue of words which might be written with either b or v. So, Petronius has berbex for verbex, and in inscrr., but not often before A. D. 300, such errors as bixit for vixit, abe for ave, ababus for abavus, etc. (as inversely vene, devitum, acervus, vasis instead of bene, debitum, acerbus, basis), are found; Flabio, Jubentius, for Flavio, Juventius, are rare cases from the second century after Christ.—The interchange between labials, palatals, and linguals (as glans for balanos, bilis for fel or cholê) is rare at the beginning of words, but more freq. in the middle; cf. tabeo, têkô, and Sanscr. tak, terebra and teretron, uber and outhar; besides which the change of tribus Sucusana into Suburana (Varr. L. L. 5, § 48 Müll.; Quint. 1, 7, 29) deserves consideration. This interchange is most freq. in terminations used in forming words, as ber, cer, ter; brum or bulum, crum or culum, trum, bundus and cundus; bilis and tilis, etc.—Finally, the interchange of b with du at the beginning of words deserves special mention, as duonus for bonus, Bellona for Duellona, bellum for duellum, bellicus for duellicus, etc., and bis from duis.—As an abbreviation, B usually designates bonus or bene. Thus, B. D. = Bona Dea, Inscr. Orell. 1524; 2427; 2822:B. M. = bene merenti,
ib. 99; 114; 506:B. M. P. = bene merenti posuit,
ib. 255:B. D. S. M. = bene de se meritae,
ib. 2437:B. V. V. = bene vale valeque,
ib. 4816:B. M. = bonae memoriae,
ib. 1136; 3385:B. M. = bonā mente,
ib. 5033;sometimes it stands for beneficiarius, and BB. beneficiarii,
ib. 3489; 3868; 3486 al.
См. также в других словарях:
Drink driving (United Kingdom) — Drink driving laws in the United Kingdom govern driving, attempting to drive, or being in charge of a motor vehicle when either over the prescribed limits of alcohol in the body, or unfit to drive as a result of consuming alcohol or other… … Wikipedia
Squash (drink) — For other uses, see Squash (disambiguation). Fruit flavored squash before and after being mixed with water … Wikipedia
Energy drink — Energy drinks are beverages whose producers advertise that they boost energy. These advertisements usually do not emphasize energy derived from the sugar and caffeine they contain[1] but rather increased energy release due to a variety of… … Wikipedia
Black drink — Chief Saturiwa prepares his men for battle, from Plate XI of Jacques le Moyne des Morgues engraving of Fort Caroline , Jacques le Moyne and Theodor De Bry. Photo credit The Florida Center for Instructional Technology, University of South Florida… … Wikipedia
Squirt (soft drink) — This article is about the soft drink. For other uses, see Squirt (disambiguation). a 12 US fl oz (355 ml) can of Squirt Squirt is a caffeine free, citrus flavored, carbonated soft drink, created in 1938 in Phoenix, Arizona … Wikipedia
Taboo food and drink — This article is about practices and beliefs in relation to various animals as food. For more discussion on religious views, see Unclean animals. Swine are considered treif (unfit or unclean) in Judaism and haraam (forbidden) in Islam. Taboo food… … Wikipedia
Red eye (drink) — A red eye is a fortified coffee drink in which espresso is combined with normal drip brew coffee.[1] It is known by various names, some of which refer to different variants. Contents 1 Variants 2 Alternative names 3 … Wikipedia
Tango (drink) — Tango is a carbonated soft drink sold primarily in the United Kingdom and Ireland, first launched by Corona in 1950. Corona were bought by the Beecham Group in 1958, and Beecham Soft Drinks were bought by Britvic in 1987.Originally, Tango was the … Wikipedia
Corona (soft drink) — Corona was a brand of carbonated beverage available in the United Kingdom and produced by Corona Soft Drinks. The firm was created by Rhondda grocers William Thomas and William Evans when they saw a market for soft drinks caused by the growing… … Wikipedia
Metz (drink) — Metz is a discontinued Schnapps based alcopop by Bacardi. Other brands include Black Metz (black packaging) and Still Metz (blue packaging). Contents 1 Advertising 1.1 Judderman 1.2 Man in the Mask … Wikipedia
HEBREW GRAMMAR — The following entry is divided into two sections: an Introduction for the non specialist and (II) a detailed survey. [i] HEBREW GRAMMAR: AN INTRODUCTION There are four main phases in the history of the Hebrew language: the biblical or classical,… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
